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Las Meninas
''Las Meninas''〔The name is sometimes given in print as ''Las Meniñas'', but there is no word "''meniña''" in Spanish. The word means "girl from a noble family brought up to serve at court" (''Oxford Concise Spanish Dictionary'') it comes from "menina", the Portuguese word for "girl". This misspelling may be due to confusion with "niña", the Spanish word for "girl".〕 (; Spanish for ''The Maids of Honour'') is a 1656 painting by Diego Velázquez, the leading artist of the Spanish Golden Age, in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. The work's complex and enigmatic composition raises questions about reality and illusion, and creates an uncertain relationship between the viewer and the figures depicted. Because of these complexities, ''Las Meninas'' has been one of the most widely analyzed works in Western painting.
The painting shows a large room in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid during the reign of King Philip IV of Spain, and presents several figures, most identifiable from the Spanish court, captured, according to some commentators, in a particular moment as if in a snapshot.〔In 1855, William Stirling wrote in ''Velázquez and his works'': "Velázquez seems to have anticipated the discovery of Daguerre and, taking a real room and real people grouped together by chance, to have fixed them, as it were, by magic, for all time, on canvas". López-Rey (1999), Vol. I, p. 211〕 Some look out of the canvas towards the viewer, while others interact among themselves. The young Infanta Margaret Theresa is surrounded by her entourage of maids of honour, chaperone, bodyguard, two dwarfs and a dog. Just behind them, Velázquez portrays himself working at a large canvas. Velázquez looks outwards, beyond the pictorial space to where a viewer of the painting would stand.〔Kahr (1975), p. 225〕 In the background there is a mirror that reflects the upper bodies of the king and queen. They appear to be placed outside the picture space in a position similar to that of the viewer, although some scholars have speculated that their image is a reflection from the painting Velázquez is shown working on.
''Las Meninas'' has long been recognised as one of the most important paintings in Western art history. The Baroque painter Luca Giordano said that it represents the "theology of painting" and in 1827 president of the R.A. Sir Thomas Lawrence described the work in a letter to his successor David Wilkie as "the true philosophy of the art".〔Lord Sutherland Gower F.S.A., R. (1900). ''(Sir Thomas Lawrence. )'' London, Paris & New York: Goupil & co. p. 83. Retrieved 4 June 2013.〕 More recently, it has been described as "Velázquez's supreme achievement, a highly self-conscious, calculated demonstration of what painting could achieve, and perhaps the most searching comment ever made on the possibilities of the easel painting".〔Honour and Fleming (1982), p. 447〕
== Background ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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